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William, Prince of Orange, ruled England as William III. The United Provinces survived to become the Netherlands, which is still ruled by the House of Orange-Nassau.

His son, Maurice of Nassau (Prince of Orange after his elder brother died in 1618), with the help of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, solidified the independence of the Dutch republic. William the Silent was assassinated in Delft in 1584. In 1568, the Eighty Years' War began with William as stadtholder leading the bid for independence from Spain. This pitched it into the Protestant side in the Wars of Religion, during which the town was badly damaged. When William the Silent, count of Nassau, with estates in the Netherlands, inherited the title Prince of Orange in 1544, the principality was incorporated into the holdings of what became the House of Orange-Nassau. During this period, the town and the principality of Orange belonged to the administration and province of Dauphiné.Īrtist's impression of 17th century city and its citadel, by G. From the 12th century, Orange was raised to a minor principality, the Principality of Orange, as a fief of the Holy Roman Empire. The sovereign Carolingian counts of Orange had their origin in the eighth century they passed into the family of the lords of Baux.

The Second Council of Orange was of importance in condemning what later came to be called Semipelagianism. It hosted two important synods, in 441 and 529. No longer a residential bishopric, Arausio, as it is called in Latin, is today listed by the Roman Catholic Church as a titular see.

It had, by then, become largely Christianised, and from the end of the third century constituted the Ancient Diocese of Orange. The town prospered, but was sacked by the Visigoths in 412. "Orange of two thousand years ago was a miniature Rome, complete with many of the public buildings that would have been familiar to a citizen of the Roman Empire, except that the scale of the buildings had been reduced – a smaller theater to accommodate a smaller population, for example." It is found in both the Tabula Peutingeriana and Le cadastre d'Orange maps. It was the capital of a wide area of northern Provence, which was parcelled up into lots for the Roman colonists.